cwepr.metadata module

Metadata: Information on numeric data stored in a structured way.

Metadata

In this module, the individual metadata classes are defined which contain the metadata for the different types of datasets:

What may sound like a minor detail is one key aspect of the cwepr package: The metadata and their structure provide a unified interface for all functionality operating on datasets. Furthermore, the metadata contained particularly in the cwepr.metadata.ExperimentalDatasetMetadata class are the result of several years of practical experience. Reproducible research is only possible if all information necessary is always recorded, and this starts with all the metadata accompanying a measurement. Defining what kind of metadata is important and needs to be recorded, together with metadata formats easily writable by the experimenters during recording the data requires a thorough understanding of both, the method and the setup(s) used. For an overview of the structures of the dataset classes and their corresponding metadata, see the dataset structure section.

Module documentation

class cwepr.metadata.ExperimentalDatasetMetadata

Bases: aspecd.metadata.ExperimentalDatasetMetadata

Set of all metadata for a dataset object.

Metadata as a unified structure of information coupled to the dataset are necessary for the understanding, analysis and processing of data, especially in cwepr. Too many parameters have a direct influence to the spectral shape of the spectrum that anything other than saving them in an appropriate place and accessing them automatised in the respective tasks is no option. Some parameters are written automatically by the spectrometer’s software, others, depending also on the actual setup (that may change over time!) are omitted. It is highly recommended those parameters should be noted by hand, for example in an .info-file.

measurement

Metadata corresponding to the measurement.

Type

cwepr.metadata.Measurement

sample

Metadata corresponding to the sample.

Type

cwepr.metadata.Sample

temperature_control

Metadata corresponding to the temperature.

Type

cwepr.metadata.TemperatureControl

experiment

Metadata corresponding to the experiment.

Type

cwepr.metadata.Experiment

spectrometer

Metadata corresponding to the spectrometer.

Type

cwepr.metadata.Spectrometer

magnetic_field

Metadata corresponding to the magnetic field.

Type

cwepr.metadata.MagneticField

bridge

Metadata corresponding to the microwave bridge.

Type

cwepr.metadata.Bridge

signal_channel

Metadata corresponding to signal channel.

Type

cwepr.metadata.SignalChannel

probehead

Metadata corresponding to the probehead used for the experiment.

Type

cwepr.metadata.Probehead

metadata_modifications

List of all modifications performed on the metadata, e.g, overrides.

Type

list

class cwepr.metadata.CalculatedDatasetMetadata

Bases: aspecd.metadata.CalculatedDatasetMetadata

Metadata for a calculated dataset.

This class contains the minimal set of metadata for a dataset consisting of calculated data, i.e., cwepr.dataset.CalculatedDataset.

Metadata of actual datasets should extend this class by adding properties that are themselves classes inheriting from aspecd.metadata.Metadata.

Metadata can be converted to dict via aspecd.utils.ToDictMixin.to_dict(), e.g., for generating reports using templates and template engines.

class cwepr.metadata.Measurement(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Measurement

Metadata corresponding to the measurement.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing properties to set.

label

Label of the sample, including the sample-number.

Type

str

class cwepr.metadata.Sample(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Sample

Metadata corresponding to the sample .

As this class inherits from aspecd.metadata.Sample, see the documentation of the parent class for details and the full list of inherited attributes.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing fields corresponding to attributes of the class

description

Description of the measured sample.

Type

str

solvent

Name of the solvent used.

Type

str

preparation

Short details of the sample preparation.

Type

str

tube

Type and dimension of the sample tube used.

Type

str

class cwepr.metadata.MagneticField(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata corresponding to the magnetic field.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing fields corresponding to attributes of the class

start

Lowest point of the magnetic field.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

stop

Highest point of the magnetic field.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

sweep_width

Width of the magnetic field sweep.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

step_width

Distance between two points (only if equidistant!).

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhyPhysicalQuantity

points

Number of points.

Type

int

field_probe_type

Type of the field probe (e.g. Hall or Teslameter)

Type

str

field_probe_model

Exact model of the field probe.

Type

str

sequence

Sequence of the experiment (e.g. up or down).

Type

str

controller

Model of the field controller.

Type

str

power_supply

Model of the power supply.

Type

str

can_calculate()

Check if enough data is present to determine field values.

Checks if enough different pieces of information are provided to calculate all information concerning the field sector and sweeping steps.

Note

Currently, the possibility of calculating the sector width from the width and the number of steps is not accounted for.

Raises

NotEnoughValuesError – Raised when not enough different pieces of information are provided to determine the other variables.

calculate_values()

Perform the calculation of all field values left out.

Calculate the different values concerning the sector and sweeping steps of the magnetic field.

Note

Currently, the possibility of calculating the sector width from the with and the number of steps is not accounted for.

Raises

UnequalUnitsError : – Raised, when two physical quantities shall be added or subtracted that have unequal units.

gauss_to_millitesla()

Transform magnetic field parameters from gauss to millitesla.

class cwepr.metadata.Experiment(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata corresponding to the experiment.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing properties to set.

type
Type

str

runs

Number of recorded runs.

Type

int

variable_parameter

Parameter that is varied during the measurement, e.g. magnetic field

Type

str

increment

Increment the variable parameter is changed.

Type

str

harmonic

Recorded harmonic of the signal.

Type

str

class cwepr.metadata.Spectrometer(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata information on what type of spectrometer was used.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing properties to set.

model

Model of the spectrometer used.

Type

str

software

Name and version of the software used.

Type

str

class cwepr.metadata.Bridge(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata corresponding to the microwave bridge.

The microwave bridge contains the microwave source and parts of the detection system. Therefore, the crucial experimental parameters such as attenuation and power, microwave frequency and detection system used are contained as well as the description of the devices, i.e. the bridge itself, its controller, and the frequency counter, as these can be different interchangeable components.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing fields corresponding to attributes of the class

model

Model of the microwave bridge used.

Type

str

controller

Model of the bridge controller used.

Type

str

attenuation

Attenuation of the microwave power in dB.

Without knowing the unattenuated source power, the attenuation is a rather useless value, although it gets often used, particularly in lab jargon. Typical microwave bridges have source powers of 200 mW in X-Band, but newer devices sometimes deliver only 150 mW.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

power

Output power of the microwave.

The actual output power of the microwave used for the experiment, i.e. the source power reduced by the attenuation. Typical values are in the range of 20 mW to 20 µW.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

detection

Type of the detection used.

There are two types of detection: diode and mixer. The latter usually allows for quadrature detection, i.e. detecting both, the absorptive and dispersive signal components.

Type

str

frequency_counter

Model of the frequency counter used.

Depending on the setup used, this can be included in the bridge. Otherwise, it will often be a HP device.

Type

str

mw_frequency

Microwave frequency.

The actual microwave frequency used for the experiment. Usually, this is a scalar number. Depending on the experiment control software used, the microwave frequency for each transient will be recorded, thus allowing for analysing frequency drifts. This is particularly helpful in case of long-running experiments (12+ h). By comparing the amplitude of the frequency drift with the field step width, the potential impact in the signal shape can be directly calculated.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

q_value

Quality factor of the cavity.

In most spectrometers, acquiring the Q-factor is not done by hand i.e. in Bruker spectrometers the measurement ist most commonly performed in tune mode with an attenuation of 33 dB, whereas at the Magnettech benchtop spectrometer, one has to select the box to measure the Q-factor.

Type

int

class cwepr.metadata.SignalChannel(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata information on the signal channel employed.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing fields corresponding to attributes of the class

model

Model of the signal channel.

Type

str

modulation_amplifier

Type of the modulation amplifier.

Type

str

accumulations

Number of accumulated scans.

Type

int

modulation_frequency

Modulation frequency used.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

modulation_amplitude

Amplitude of the modulation

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

receiver_gain

Gain of the receiver, existence depends on the spectrometer.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

conversion_time

Conversion time (usually in ms).

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

time_constant

Time constant (usually in ms).

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

phase

Phase of the modulation amplifier.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

offset

Baseline offset

Type

float

class cwepr.metadata.DigitalFilter(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata about the digital filter applied to the data.

Especially in Magnettech data, by default, a digital filter is applied on the data.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing properties to set.

mode

Mode of the digital filter. In Magnettech files, this is one of “DIG” or “DIGRC”.

Type

str

points

Number of points taken into account. Not used in Magnettech data.

Type

int

parameter

In Magnettech data files, there are two different types of parameters: In DIG mode the parameter is named “Smoothing Filter width” and given in mT` whereas in DIGRC mode, it is the “Time Constant” and given in s.

Type

aspecd.metadata.PhysicalQuantity

New in version 0.4.

class cwepr.metadata.Probehead(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.Metadata

Metadata corresponding to the probehead.

Often, resonating structures get used in EPR spectroscopy, but as this is not always the case, the term “probehead” is more generic.

In all except of fully integrated benchtop spectrometers, the probehead can readily be exchanged. As each probehead has its own characteristics, it is crucially important to note at least type and model. The coupling (critically or overcoupled) determines the bandwidth of the resonator, and in all but pulsed experiments, usually, critical coupling is used.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing properties to set.

type

Type of the probehead used.

There are several types of probeheads regularly used. For resonators, there are, e.g., dielectic and split-ring resonators, cylindrical and rectangular cavities. More special would be Fabry-Perot and stripline resonators. Sometimes, even resonator-free designs are used as probeheads.

Type

str

model

Model of the probehead used.

Commercial probeheads come with a distinct model that goes in here. In all other cases, use a short, memorisable, and unique name.

Type

str

coupling

Type of coupling. In cwepr it is usually critically coupled.

Type

str

class cwepr.metadata.TemperatureControl(dict_=None)

Bases: aspecd.metadata.TemperatureControl

Metadata corresponding to the temperature control.

As this class inherits from aspecd.metadata.TemperatureControl, see the documentation of the parent class for details and the full list of inherited attributes.

Parameters

dict (dict) – Dictionary containing properties to set.

cryostat

Model of the cryostat used.

Type

str

cryogen

Cryogen used.

Typically, this is either N2 (for temperatures down to 80K) or He (for temperatures down to 4 K)

Type

str